• LPA binds to six specific cell surface GPCR

  2024-07-06

  

  LPA binds to six specific cell surface GPCR receptors. The receptors LPA1 (lysophosphatidic receptor 1, formerly, Edg2), LPA2 (Edg4) and LPA3 (Edg7) belong to the endothelial differentiation gene family (EDG) and share sequence homology (50–60% amino BS-181 HCl homology) An et al., 1997, An et al.,

• However there are studies revealing

  2024-07-06

  

  However, there are studies revealing the “dark side” of autophagy at later stages in cancers, when oncogenes (mainly K-ras and B-raf) are activated and/or tumour suppressors such as PTEN and p53 are inactivated. These studies are based on the use of GEMM and deletions of essential autophagy genes (A

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Because

  2024-07-06

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Because the Ser/Thr kinase domain of LRRK2 is homologous to that of other MLK family proteins belonging to the MAP3K superfamily, LRRK2 is suggested to be involved in MAPK signaling and activation of neuronal cell death by phosphorylating its downstr

• br Conclusions In the current study we found

  2024-07-06

  

  Conclusions In the current study, we found that the exposure of maduramicin to chicken myocardial citco receptor results in cellular damage and even death via the induction of apoptosis. Maduramicin upregulated the expression of apoptotic genes and activated caspase cascades, which were accompani

• In order to determine whether the faster Rh

  2024-07-06

  

  In order to determine whether the faster Rh2-induced apoptosis is specific of cholesterol depletion, we determined the cytotoxic effect of Rh2 in ampa receptor depleted or not in sphingomyelin, another abundant plasma membrane lipid exhibiting enrichment in lipid rafts. We showed that, in contrast

• Maduramicin is a polyether ionophore antibiotic that has

  2024-07-06

  

  Maduramicin is a polyether ionophore antibiotic that has the smallest margin of safety between the maximum authorized dosage and the minimum toxic concentration. Clinical signs of maduramicin intoxication are similar to that of other ionophores, often causing feed refusal, anorexia, respiratory dist

• AMPK is a cellular energy sensor that

  2024-07-06

  

  AMPK is a cellular energy sensor that is phosphorylated in response to high intracellular ADP levels to increase GLUT4 translocation into the cell, and subsequently, increase intracellular glucose levels to provide substrate to replenish ATP levels [25]. In metabolic syndrome, sequestration of plasm

• The findings from our previous study indicate that

  2024-07-06

  

  The findings from our previous study indicate that mitochondrial biogenesis of astrocytes is increased under experimental septic condition [25]. Recent studies have shown that IL-6 can activate AMPK by increasing the concentration of AMP [26], while AMPK regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and autoph

• br MHCI peptide editing N terminal

  2024-07-06

  

  MHCI peptide editing, N-terminal extensions and the peptide loading complex Conventionally, peptide-MHCI binding is thought to require both amino- and carboxyl-termini for stable interaction (Madden, 1995; Bouvier and Wiley, 1994). Peptides with longer than optimal length (10–13 residues) have be

• The ARHL locus ahl that contributes to the hearing

  2024-07-05

  

  The ARHL locus (ahl) that contributes to the hearing loss in the C57BL/6J mouse has been mapped to chromosome 10 (Erway et al., 1993, Johnson et al., 1997). It has been shown that strains susceptible to early onset ARHL carry a specific mutation in the cadherin 23 gene (Cdh23), which encodes a compo

• The results show that a tonic action of ACh

  2024-07-05

  

  The results show that a tonic action of ACh on respiration is lacking. However, it is clear that muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms can modulate both eupneic breathing and the cough reflex. When these mechanisms are brought into action is obscure and only tentative proposals can be advanced. ACh in t

• Subsequently Palvimaki et al corroborated Ni and Miledi

  2024-07-05

  

  Subsequently, Palvimaki et al. (1999) corroborated Ni and Miledi's study by demonstrating that treatment with fluoxetine leads to 43% occupancy of the 5-HT2C receptors. Moreover, the affinity of fluoxetine for 5HT2C receptors (Ki 65 nM) is close to its affinity for 5-HT transporters (Ki 33 nM) (Ni a

• br Introduction Increased renin angiotensin system RAS activ

  2024-07-04

  

  Introduction Increased renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity and inflammation in cardiovascular-related regions of the central nervous system contribute to the overactivity of neurohumoral systems that promote volume retention, cardiac remodeling and serious cardiac arrhythmias in systolic hear

• Previous reports indicate that the

  2024-07-04

  

  Previous reports indicate that the expression of AChRs and their clustering on myotubes are critical factors required to induce contacts on muscle fibers in a natural biological system [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]. For instance, in NMJ development in the mouse, AChRs are pre-patterned at sites

• Introduction The first use of the term autophagy by a

  2024-07-03

  

  Introduction The first use of the term “autophagy” by a French physiologist, M. Anselmier, in a short article describing the effects of fasting in mice published in 1859, took place almost a century before Christian De Duve described it from a mechanistic point of view in a symposium on lysosomes i

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