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To further investigate the role of
2024-05-07

To further investigate the role of cholesterol in the Rh2-induced cytotoxicity, we then focused on the U937 cell line, which is cholesterol auxotroph and considered as a valuable model to study the importance of cholesterol in membrane structure and function (Billheimer et al., 1987), and used the e
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TUNEL assay Apoptotic DNA fragmentation
2024-05-07

TUNEL assay. Apoptotic DNA fragmentation in Biapenem was measured using a commercially available TUNEL assay kit (Thermo Fisher). Frozen cells were fixed with 10% paraformaldehyde/PBS. Apoptosis was determined by staining the 3′-OH ends of fragmented DNA with biotin-dNTP using DNA I klenow fragment
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Atherosclerosis is a chronic lipid metabolism disorder linke
2024-05-07

Atherosclerosis is a chronic lipid metabolism disorder linked with lipid accumulation within the arterial wall and subsequent formation of foam cells and vascular disease [96], [97]. The level of apelin is decreased in human atherosclerotic coronary arteries [4], and coronary collateral formation in
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In glucose stimulated pancreatic cells
2024-05-07

In glucose-stimulated pancreatic β-cells, B-Raf activity is increased, while Raf-1 activity is under the detection limit (Duan and Cobb, 2010). Thus, B-Raf is the primary protein kinase involved in the rapid activation of ERK1/2 in glucose-treated pancreatic β-cells. Expression of a dominant-negati
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br Experimental section br Acknowledgment S
2024-05-07

Experimental section Acknowledgment S.B.T. is grateful to the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), the Wilhelm Sander-Stiftung and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) for generous research support. M.M. greatly acknowledges the experimental support and the scientific cont
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br Acknowledgements We thank the National Natural
2024-05-07

Acknowledgements We thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41576156), Shandong Province Science and Technology Development Plan (2015GSF121045), Yantai Science and Technology Development Plan (2015ZH078), and the Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean (No.
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br Concluding remarks br Conflict of interest
2024-05-07

Concluding remarks Conflict of interest Acknowledgment This work was supported by the H.E.B. Endowed Chair in Marine Science (to P.T.) and University of Texas Marine Science Institute endowment-supported scholarships (to A.C). Introduction Disorders of sex development (DSD) are defined
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Introduction Inflammasomes are large cytosolic protein compl
2024-05-07

Introduction Inflammasomes are large cytosolic protein complexes with multiple components that trigger a rapid immune response against pathogen-associated molecular pattern am 580 mg (PAMPs) during pathogen infections or damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) during tissue damage [1
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Overexpression of AR in a transgenic mouse model
2024-05-07

Overexpression of AR in a transgenic mouse model leads to a capsular cataract phenotype involving proliferation and formation of a fibrotic plaque of cells reminiscent of cells at the posterior AG-1024 in PCO [17]. To investigate the molecular mechanism that could link AR expression to this phenoty
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Gratifyingly compound also demonstrated improved physicochem
2024-05-07

Gratifyingly, compound also demonstrated improved physicochemical properties with significant improvement in aqueous solubility. Compound was sufficiently potent to determine its pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD); data is summarized in . shows ADME characteristics for compound and
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br Materials and methods br Functional demonstrations of ACh
2024-05-07

Materials and methods Functional demonstrations of ACh/GABA cotransmission The cotransmission of GABA and ACh has been best characterized in starburst amacrine cells (SACs) of the retina. SACs are a subtype of amacrine cell, a diverse set of retinal interneurons that are crucial for processing
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br Funding br Introduction The interest in the effects
2024-05-07

Funding Introduction The interest in the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the aquatic environment continues to increase over the past decade, specifically those that act on steroidogenic pathways. EDCs that include synthetic androgenic and estrogenic compounds can severely a
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The GRAVY value for a protein is calculated
2024-05-06

The GRAVY value for a protein is calculated as the sum of hydropathy values of all the amino acids, divided by the number of residues in the sequence (Kyte and Doolittle, 1982). According to Kyte and Doolittle (1982) integral membrane proteins typically have higher GRAVY scores than do globular prot
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Previously using a P lacZ reporter gene system it
2024-05-06

Previously, using a P-lacZ reporter gene system, it has been shown that the β-galactosidase activity was 9-fold higher in the stationary phase 9508 mg when compared with those of the exponential phase [15]. Furthermore, inositol supplementation did not have a major effect on the expression of β-gal
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In this study we observed the ATPase activity
2024-05-06

In this study, we observed the ATPase activity of RaGroEL at various temperatures and metal ions conditions and the role of GroES in the ATPase activity of RaGroEL. Furthermore, we quantified the expression of groEL genes under different abiotic stresses, including temperature, pH, salt and oxygen s
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