• br Dual role of autophagy in human diseases Emerging

  2024-04-02

  

  Dual role of autophagy in human diseases Emerging evidence suggests that autophagy serves as a double-edged sword in several human diseases, such as CNS diseases (Rubinsztein et al., 2015), arteriosclerosis (Schrijvers et al., 2011) and cancer (Ozpolat and Benbrook, 2015). Likewise, currently the

• The distribution and subcellular localization differs betwee

  2024-04-02

  

  The distribution and subcellular localization differs between the subtypes of mGlu receptors. Most mGlu receptors are broadly expressed in the brain, except for mGlu6, which is restricted to the retina. Some mGlu receptors are additionally found in glial cells, such as mGlu3 and mGlu5 (Aronica et al

• We found a protective effect of

  2024-04-02

  

  We found a protective effect of the GTCC haplotype against ED, which is reflected by its association with increased IIEF in patients with clinical ED. Further studies are required to determine the functional implications of these genetic markers combined in specific haplotypes blocks. Indeed, we fou

• Despite the absence of disulfide bonds in its

  2024-04-02

  

  Despite the absence of disulfide bonds in its linear structure, KT43C displays antifungal and antibacterial activity. Disulfide bonds are determinants of defensins' integrity and have been reported to increase the antimicrobial activity (Jenssen et al., 2006). However, some linear derivatives of AMP

• br Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives br Disclaimer

  2024-04-01

  

  Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives Disclaimer Statement Introduction Aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDHs (E.C. 1.2.1.3) are multigene family of NAD(P)+-dependents group of structurally and functionally related ubiquitously distributed enzymes involved in the specific and irreversible oxida

• Activation of AhR is also known to

  2024-04-01

  

  Activation of AhR is also known to upregulate the expression of AhRR (AhR repressor), an inhibitor protein of AhR [29]. However, the exact mechanism by which AhRR represses AhR signaling is not well understood. The initial study by Mimura and colleagues suggested that AhRR is capable of directly com

• In addition to plasma membrane

  2024-04-01

  

  In addition to plasma membrane sites, OCT3 was also observed associated with endomembranes, including mitochondrial membranes, with particularly strong expression in the outer nuclear membranes of both neurons and astrocytes (Gasser et al., 2017), indicating that, in addition to regulating extracell

• Actin is capable of polymerizing spontaneously However this

  2024-04-01

  

  Actin is capable of polymerizing spontaneously. However, this process is relatively slow and kinetically unfavorable in cells. Formation of Y 134 dimers and trimers, which can easily disassemble due to their instability, is a rate-determining step in actin polymerization [5], [6]. The shape and the

• br COX and LOX in post mortem AD

  2024-04-01

  

  COX and 5-LOX in post-mortem AD brain Minghetti (2004) reviewed the findings on COX-2 mRNA levels in AD brains, pointing out that the available evidence demonstrated either decreased or increased levels, possibly because of the short half-life of COX-2 transcripts or individual variability. Histo

• The discovery of acetylsalicylic acid aspirin in paved the

  2024-04-01

  

  The discovery of acetylsalicylic CFDA SE Cell Tracer Kit (aspirin) in 1897 paved the way for the development of classical NSAIDs as first-line therapeutics for anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic therapy. Large efforts have been made in the following decades to improve the efficacy and in

• Several studies have demonstrated that depletion of

  2024-04-01

  

  Several studies have demonstrated that depletion of functional ATR increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to oncogene-induced replication stress thereby hindering tumour growth and inducing extensive cell death (Gilad et al., 2010, Murga et al., 2011, Schoppy et al., 2012). Importantly, Schoppy e

• Cisplatin According to the diversity in molecular skeletons

  2024-04-01

  

  According to the Cisplatin in molecular skeletons, aromatase inhibitors can be categorized into two types: steroidal and non-steroidal blockers [6]. Steroidal AI (e.g., exemestane in Fig. 1) derived from the substrate androstenedione interacts with aromatase through chemical actions, resulting in a

• A next series of experiments explored whether cardiac Ampk

  2024-03-30

  

  A next series of experiments explored whether cardiac Ampkα1 bax pathway is modified in response to pressure overload imposed by TAC. As a result, 2weeks of TAC treatment significantly increased Ampkα1 protein abundance in cardiac tissue from Ampkα1+/+ mice as compared to sham treated mice (Fig. 6A

• The renin angiotensin system RAS is a hormonal

  2024-03-30

  

  The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormonal system which plays a role in the regulation of blood pressure and body fluid mitotic inhibitors [14]. The main bioactive peptide of RAS is angiotensin II (Ang II) whose biological functions are interposed through angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) an

• br A and tau in Alzheimer s disease The

  2024-03-30

  

  Aβ and tau in Alzheimer's disease The two classical histopathological hallmarks of AD are extracellular insoluble Aβ deposits, known as Aβ plaques, and intracellular accumulations of insoluble microtubule-associated tau protein, known as neurofibrillary tangles [14]. Aβ peptides are produced as a

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