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Osteocytes the most abundant cells in an adult
2023-09-05
Osteocytes, the most abundant cells in an adult skeleton, are essentially mature osteoblasts that are surrounded by the products they secreted (Noble and Reeve, 2000). Osteocytes serve as mechanosensors that direct bone remodeling and that regulate the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts (Bone
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insulin receptor These results must also be addressed
2023-09-04
These results must also be addressed in light of porcine AMPKγ3R200Q (RN−) mutation. Pigs harboring this mutation produce meat with an abnormally low ultimate pH (pHinsulin receptor meat (Copenhafer et al., 2006, Lundström et al., 1998, Milan et al., 2000). This extremely low pH is very close to th
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br Secreted enzymes Only two secreted
2023-09-04
Secreted enzymes Only two secreted S. aureus enzymes reportedly induce apoptosis, namely, staphylococcal staphopain B (SspB) and coagulase. SspB selectively cleaved CD11b/CD18 integrin and induced an apoptosis-like cell death in neutrophils and monocytes (Smagur et al., 2009). Neutrophils or mono
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Since primitive societies plants herbs and seeds rich in phy
2023-09-04
Since primitive societies, plants, herbs and seeds, rich in phytochemicals, were used due to their benefits in human health. These molecules were shown to present a diverse array of action mechanisms, including antioxidant activity, enzyme stimulation, hormones mimicking and by interfering with DNA
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AMP activated protein kinase AMPK is composed of and
2023-09-04
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is composed of α-, β-, and γ-subunits [17,18]. Phosphorylation of α-subunit at Thr-172 residue is essential for AMPK activation [17,18]. The serine/threonine kinase coordinates metabolic pathways in response to energy supply and demand [17,18]. Studies have shown
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A requirement for active PKA signaling during LTD induction
2023-09-04
A requirement for active PKA signaling during LTD induction was proposed in studies characterizing AKAP150 D36mice (Lu et al., 2008), but linking impaired LTD in D36 mice to PKA signaling deficits was complicated by subsequent work showing substantial increases in the number of dendritic spines and
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br Effects of BCAAs on glucose metabolism Insulin plays an
2023-09-04
Effects of BCAAs on glucose metabolism Insulin plays an exclusive role in regulation of glucose metabolism, and obesity and type 2 diabetes induce hyperinsulinemia due to insulin resistance. Plasma BCAA concentrations are increased by 14–20% in patients with hyperinsulinemia under overnight fasti
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For patients who have taken advantage of
2023-09-04
For patients who have taken advantage of the anti-TKIs and whose follow-up has been succeeded, some partial response has been noticed with 45% (9/20) for gefitinib, 39% (9/23) for erlotinib and 56.5% (13/23) for crizotinib. A disease progression has also been observed with 35% (7/20) for gefitinib,
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It is also possible that adrenoceptor activation may inhibit
2023-09-04
It is also possible that α2-adrenoceptor activation may inhibit glutamate accumulation by upregulating the glutamate-buffering activity of Müller CVT 10216 through EAAT1 or adjusting EAAT2 in bipolar cells, as well as the NMDA receptor. Therefore, we investigated whether topical administration of br
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br Detection and possible treatments for prostate
2023-09-04
Detection and possible treatments for prostate cancer PC can be diagnosed, by screening for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and after diagnosis, treatments may include intense observation, radical prostatectomy, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy or vaccination depending on the type and sta
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Anti LT therapy by LO inhibition
2023-09-04
Anti-LT therapy by 5-LO inhibition has been hampered by occurring liver toxicities by Zileuton or the clinical phase II compound Atreleuton [36], [37] However both compounds possess a thiophene as well as an N-hydroxyurea moiety. These features could be linked with reactive thiophene intermediates [
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Interestingly this situation might be changed by
2023-09-01
Interestingly, this situation might be changed by the immunological context, in particular by the cytokines encountered during differentiation or activation. LPS-activation of bone marrow-derived DCs differentiated in GM-CSF decreases autophagy, CP2, and subsequent activation of CD4+ T cells (Fig. 2
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Taking together findings from our study and
2023-09-01
Taking together findings from our study and that from the literature, we propose a model (to be experimentally confirmed) of possible intracellular mechanism of NA-induced regulation of Na-K ATPase subunit expression (Fig. 8). NA acting on α1-AR modulates the α1- and α3-subunit expressions of Na-K A
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Vacquinol-1 V ATPase is a complex enzyme that is composed
2023-09-01
V-ATPase is a complex enzyme that is composed of several subunits, which are assembled into two domains: trans-membrane (V0) and cytosolic (V1) domains [3,5]. Epididymal epithelial Vacquinol-1 of rats has been reported to contain V-ATPase which is distributed at the apical pole of the narrow and cle
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It has been reported that Daxx an interacting
2023-09-01
It has been reported that Daxx, an interacting partner of MCRS2/MSP58, promotes ASK1 activation following direct interaction with ASK1 [10], [11]. However, it has not been determined whether MCRS2 is involved in ASK1 signalling. In this study, we identified the direct interaction between MCRS2 and A
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