• Previous studies have shown that

  2022-02-15

  

  Previous studies have shown that Cu(I) neurotoxicity includes induction of ROS with involvement of the NF-kB pathway and apoptosis (Butterworth, 2010) and that, in its Cu(I) state, Cu(I) alters microglia phenotype and inhibits nitric oxide release (Rossi-George et al., 2012). Cu(I) has a great affin

• Young et al described the role of adenine

  2022-02-14

  

  Young et al. [40] described the role of adenine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the translocation of GLUT4 in the heart. The AMPK is activated during muscle contraction [74] by converting AMP to ATP. The adenosine analog, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), is a c

• Genetic disruption or pharmacologic inhibition of the hepati

  2022-02-14

  

  Genetic disruption or pharmacologic inhibition of the hepatic glucagon pathway has invariably been shown to increase pancreatic α cell mass. This has been observed in glucagon receptor (GCGR) knockout (Gcgr−/−) mice (Gelling et al., 2003), glucagon knockout mice (Hayashi et al., 2009), prohormone co

• Based upon the present findings it

  2022-02-14

  

  Based upon the present findings, it is tempting to imagine that selective, and especially stable blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetrating GalR1 antagonists might be useful as drugs for acute suppression of appetite. While this may be possible, previous studies using nonspecific galanin antagonists yiel

• br Acknowledgements This work was in part supported by

  2022-02-14

  

  Acknowledgements This work was in part supported by the FöFoLe program by Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (to T.S.), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) CO 291/5-2, the Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) RGP0013, the Helmholtz Validation Funds (Helmholtz Association of German Rese

• Two classes of histones demethylases

  2022-02-12

  

  Two classes of histones demethylases have thus far been identified: the Jumonji C (JmjC) domain-containing proteins and the amine oxidase domain (AOD)-containing proteins. They have distinct enzymatic mechanisms and substrate specificity. The JmjC domain is conserved through evolution and belongs to

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We thank the

  2022-02-12

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We thank the TCGA PanCanAtlas Analysis Working Group. This study was supported in part by grants from the NIH (CA175486 and CA209851 to H.L., CA217842 to G.B.M., and CCSG grant CA016672); a grant from the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RP140462

• Due to the importance of gene regulation in cancers

  2022-02-12

  

  Due to the importance of gene regulation in cancers, HDAC inhibitors have been studied extensively in cancer biology and are in current clinical use as anti-tumor therapies [17]. The HDAC inhibitors vorinostat, romidepsin, and belinostat have been approved for certain T-cell lymphomas, and panobinos

• Further our study provides the

  2022-02-12

  

  Further, our study provides the first evidence that zaprinast and kynurenic coelenterazine administration not only prevented the development of thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity but also enhanced morphine antinociceptive properties. Morphine is considered to be one of the most effective analg

• ATP as a transmitter can

  2022-02-12

  

  ATP as a transmitter can be released from injured tetrandrine and sensory nerve endings (Sperlágh et al., 1995, Sperlágh et al., 1997, Sperlágh et al., 1998, Burnstock, 2013, Burnstock, 2014). ATP can activate the P2X3 receptor in the DRG neurons (Gao et al., 2011a; Xu et al., 2012). In DRG neurons

• br Expression of GlyT in the spinal cord in

  2022-02-12

  

  Expression of GlyT in the spinal cord in response to neuropathic pain Twelve days after sham injury or CCI, GlyT1 and GlyT2 mRNA expression in rat spinal cord was analyzed using qPCR. Here, no significant changes in expression of the transporters in our CCI model of neuropathic pain compared with

• br Acknowledgements Support provided by projects PTDC SAU

  2022-02-12

  

  Acknowledgements Support provided by projects PTDC/SAU-MIC/115178/2009 and PEst-OE/QUI/UI0612/2011 from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal. Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, multisystem metabolic disorder caused by a combination of environmental and genetic f

• An increased sympathetic tone and the hormone glucagon are t

  2022-02-12

  

  An increased sympathetic tone and the hormone glucagon are the main glucose mobilizing factors [28], [29]. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of human islet cells suggests the expression of Ffar1 not only in β-cells but also in α-cells [30]. Moreover, analysis of rat α-cells indicates that FFAR1 exp

• br Materials and methods br

  2022-02-12

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion The glucose transporter GLUT1 can be acutely activated or inhibited in L929 fibroblast 5α-dihydro-11-keto Testosterone by a wide variety of reagents or nutrient conditions [[9], [10], [11], [12],36,50]. This abrupt change in the activity of GLUT1 occ

• Some but not all GSIs inhibit signal peptide peptidases as

  2022-02-12

  

  Some, but not all, GSIs inhibit signal peptide peptidases as well, though this has not been systemically studied [36], [41]. When considering biological activities of various GSIs this is an important and understudied caveat that could influence both biological response as well as potential toxiciti

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